Detailed explanation of stepper motor knowledge
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- Time of issue:2022-03-02 09:40
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(Summary description)A stepping motor is an electromechanical device that directly converts electrical pulses into mechanical motion. By controlling the sequence, frequency and quantity of electrical pulses applied to the motor coil, the steering, speed and rotation angle of the stepping motor can be controlled. Without the use of a closed-loop feedback control system with position sensing, a simple and low-cost open-loop control system composed of a stepper motor and its matching driver can achieve precise position and speed control.
Detailed explanation of stepper motor knowledge
(Summary description)A stepping motor is an electromechanical device that directly converts electrical pulses into mechanical motion. By controlling the sequence, frequency and quantity of electrical pulses applied to the motor coil, the steering, speed and rotation angle of the stepping motor can be controlled. Without the use of a closed-loop feedback control system with position sensing, a simple and low-cost open-loop control system composed of a stepper motor and its matching driver can achieve precise position and speed control.
- Categories:Company News
- Author:
- Origin:
- Time of issue:2022-03-02 09:40
- Views:
01What is a stepper motor
A stepping motor is an electromechanical device that directly converts electrical pulses into mechanical motion. By controlling the sequence, frequency and quantity of electrical pulses applied to the motor coil, the steering, speed and rotation angle of the stepping motor can be controlled. Without the use of a closed-loop feedback control system with position sensing, a simple and low-cost open-loop control system composed of a stepper motor and its matching driver can achieve precise position and speed control.
02Working principle:
According to the external control pulse and direction signal, the stepping motor driver controls the winding of the stepping motor to energize forward or reverse in a certain sequence through its internal logic circuit, so that the motor rotates forward/reversely, or locks.
Take a 1.8 degree two-phase stepper motor as an example: when both phase windings are energized and excited, the motor output shaft will be stationary and locked in position. The maximum torque that keeps the motor locked at rated current is the holding torque. If the current in one of the phase windings changes direction, the motor will rotate one step (1.8 degrees) in a given direction.
Similarly, if the current of the other winding changes direction, the motor will rotate one step (1.8 degrees) in the opposite direction to the former. When the current passing through the coil windings is changed to excitation in sequence, the motor will realize continuous rotation and step in the given direction, and the running accuracy is very high. For a 1.8-degree two-phase stepper motor, it takes 200 steps to make one revolution.
Two-phase stepper motors have two types of windings: bipolar and unipolar. There is only one winding coil on each phase of the bipolar motor. When the motor rotates continuously, the current needs to change the direction of excitation in the same coil. The drive circuit design requires eight electronic switches to switch in sequence.
There are two winding coils with opposite polarities on each phase of a unipolar motor. When the motor rotates continuously, it is only necessary to alternately energize and excite the two winding coils on the same phase. The drive circuit design requires only four electronic switches. In bipolar drive mode, because the winding coils of each phase are 100% excited, the output torque of the motor in bipolar drive mode is about 40% higher than that in unipolar drive mode.
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